Computer မွာ 32-bit Processor ႏွင့္ 64-bit Processor ဘယ္လိုကြာလဲ ဆိုေတာ့

- 32-bit Processor ႏွင့္ 64-bit Processor ဘယ္လိုကြာ

CPU အတြင္းမွာ internal data bus လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ processor အတြင္းပိုင္းမွာ data ေတြတစ္ေနရာနဲ႕ တစ္ေနရာေပးဖို႔ဖလွယ္ေပးတဲ့ data carrier (ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့ bus) တစ္ခုရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီ internal data bus ေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး တစ္ႀကိမ္မွာ data ပမာဏ ဘယ္ေလာက္သယ္ယူျဖတ္သန္းနိုင္မလဲဆိုတာ register size ေပၚမူတည္ပါတယ္။ ယေန႕ CPU ေတြမွာ 32-bit ႏွင့္ 64-bitဆိုၿပီး register size ၂ မ်ိဳးရွိပါတယ္။ 32-bit register ကိုသုံးေသာ CPU မ်ားကို 32-bit CPU မ်ားဟုေခၚၿပီး 64-bit register ကိုသုံးေသာ CPU မ်ားကို 64-bit register လို႔ေခၚပါတယ္။
Intel မွထုတ္လုပ္ေသာ 386 မွစၿပီး Pentium 4 processor မ်ားထိတိုင္ေအာင္အတြင္းမွာ 32-bit register ကိုသာ အသုံးျပဳတည္ေဆာက္ပါတယ္။ သည့္အတြက္ 32-bit processor တပ္ဆင္ထားေသာ computer မ်ားတြင္ 32-bit Windows OS ႏွင့္ application မ်ားကိုသာ install လုပ္ၿပီးသုံးနိုင္ပါတယ္။ 64-bit OS ႏွင့္ application မ်ားကို install လုပ္လို႔မရပါဘူး။ Intel ရဲ႕ Core2 ၊ AMD-Athlon 60 မွစၿပီး ေနာက္ပိုင္း processor မ်ားမွာေတာ့ 32-bit ႏွင့္ 64-bit register ၂ မ်ိဳးလုံးပါရွိသည့္အတြက္ 32-bit OS ပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ 64-bit OS ပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ႏွစ္သက္ရာကို ေ႐ြးခ်ယ္အသုံးျပဳလို႔ရပါတယ္။
- 32-bit Windows ႏွင့္ 64-bit Windows ဘယ္လိုကြာ
64-bit processor ကိုသုံးၿပီး စြမ္းရည္အျပည့္ အလုပ္လုပ္နိုင္ေစရန္ 64-bit Windows ႏွင့္ 64-bit driver မ်ားကု ိလိုအပ္လာပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၅ ခုႏွစ္ကေနစၿပီး Microsoft မွ Windows XP 64-bit ကိုစတင္မိတ္ဆက္ေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။ Application ပိုင္းအေနႏွင့္ကေတာ့ 32-bit application တို႔သည္ 64-bit Windows မွာေကာင္းစြာ အလုပ္လုပ္နိုင္တဲ့အတြက္ အသုံးျပဳနိုင္ပါတယ္။ အဲ့ဒီအခါတုန္းက အသုံးျပဳေနသည့္ 32-bit Windows အတြက္ေရးထားေသာ 32-bit driver တို႔ကို 64-bit Windows မွာသုံးမရသလို 64-bit အတြက္ေရးထားေသာ driver တို႔ကို 32-bit Windows မွာလည္းသုံးမရပါဘူး။
ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွ ပစၥည္းထုတ္ေရာငး္ခ်သဴေတြက ပစၥည္းသစ္တစ္မ်ိဳးထုတ္တိုင္း 32-bit OS ႏွင့္ 64-bit OS အတြက္ဆိုၿပီး driver ၂ မ်ိဳးကိုတြဲထုတ္ေပးပါတယ္။ သည့္အတြက္ ၂၀၀၉ တြင္ Windows 7 ထြက္လာတဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာေတာ့ 32bit အတြက္ေကာ 64bit အတြက္ပါ driver ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား အဆင္သင့္ရွိေနႏွင့္ၿပီ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ၄င္း 64bit edition ျဖင့္ 64bit processor (x86-64PC) မ်ားတြင္ အသုံးျပဳမည္ဆိုပါက 3D Game မ်ား ၊ Graphic ၊ Animation ႏွင့္ အျခား 64bit application မ်ားကို ပိုမိုျမန္ဆန္ေအာင္ လုပ္နိုင္ၾကသည့္အတြက္ 64bit processor မ်ားႏွင့္အတူ 64bit edition အသုံးျပဳမႈတြင္ က်ယ္လာေနၿပီျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ 32bit ႏွင့္ 64bit တို႔ရဲ႕ ေနာက္ထပ္ထူးျခားခ်က္က memory capacity ဘယ္ေလာက္ထိ support လုပ္နိုင္သလဲဆိုတာပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ 32bit Windows တို႔အျမင့္ဆုံး support လုပ္နိုင္သည့္ ပမာဏသည္ 4GB အထိသာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ သေဘာကေတာ့ computer မွာ RAM တို႔ကို 4GB ထက္ေက်ာ္လြန္ေအာင္ တပ္ဆင္ၿပီး အသုံးျပဳလို႔မရပါ။ 64bit Windows တို႔ရဲ႕ယေန႕အျမင့္ဆုံး support လုပ္နိုင္ေသာပမာဏမွာ 192GB ထိျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ Windows version ေပၚလည္း မူတည္ပါတယ္။ မည္သို႔ပင္ျဖစ္ေစ computer မွာ RAM ပမာဏကို 4GB ထက္ေက်ာ္လြန္ေအာင္ တပ္ဆင္အသုံးျပဳခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ 64bit Windows တစ္ခုကို မျဖစ္မေနအသုံးျပဳရမွာျဖစ္သလို motherboard ေပၚက chipset ကလညး္ memory ပမာဏကို 4GB ထက္ေက်ာ္လြန္ေအာင္ (ဥပမာ- 8GB) support လုပ္နိုင္ေသာ chipset မ်ိဳးျဖစ္ဖို႔လည္း လိုပါတယ္။
အခုဆိုရင္ စာဖတ္သူတို႔အေနနဲ႕ 32bit/64bit processor ေတြအေၾကာင္းနဲ႕ 32bit/64bit Windows အေၾကာင္းကို သိရွိသြားၿပီထင္ပါတယ္ေနာ္။
- Register ဆိုတာလဲ သိထားဖို႔ လိုတယ္ဗ်
တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့ Register ဆိုတာ CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor အတြင္းမွာရွိတဲ့ စိတ္အပိုင္းတစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ Processor မွလက္ရွိ execute လုပ္ဖို႔လိုအပ္တဲ့ data မ်ား ၊ instruction မ်ားကို ထည့္ထားရာေနရာျဖစ္သည့္အတြက္ register လို႔ဆိုလိုက္တာနဲ႕ CPU ထဲက memory ဧရိယာတစ္ခုလို႔ သိထားရပါမယ္။ သေဘာတရားအားျဖင့္ computer ကသုံးတဲ့ memory အမ်ိဳးအစား (Cache Memory, Main Memory - DDR2, DDR3) အားလုံးထဲမွာမွ speed အျမန္ဆုံးႏွင့္ အေသးငယ္ဆုံး အမ်ိဳးအစားျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အမွန္ဆို Registery အေၾကာင္း အရင္ေရးသင့္တာ က်ဳပ္က ေဇာက္ထိုးသမားဗ်.
Credit: Original Aurthor
Source: Internet ( Knowledge Box)

The two main categories of processors are 32-bit and 64-bit. The type of processor a computer has not only affects its overall performance, but it can also dictate what type of software it uses.
32-bit processor

The 32-bit processor was the primary processor used in all computers until the early 1990s. Intel Pentium processors and early AMD processors were 32-bit processors. The operating system and software on a computer with a 32-bit processor is also 32-bit based, in that they work with data units that are 32 bits wide. Windows 95, 98, and XP are all 32-bit operating systems that were common on computers with 32-bit processors.
Note: A computer with a 32-bit processor cannot have a 64-bit version of an operating system installed. It can only have a 32-bit version of an operating system installed.
64-bit processor

The 64-bit computer has been around since 1961 when IBM created the IBM 7030 Stretch supercomputer. However, it was not put into use in home computers until the early 2000s. Microsoft released a 64-bit version of Windows XP to be used on computers with a 64-bit processor. Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8 also come in 64-bit versions. Other software has been developed that is designed to run on a 64-bit computer, which are 64-bit based as well, in that they work with data units that are 64 bits wide.
Note: A computer with a 64-bit processor can have a 64-bit or 32-bit version of an operating system installed. However, with a 32-bit operating system, the 64-bit processor would not run at its full capability.
Note: On a computer with a 64-bit processor, you cannot run a 16-bit legacy program. Many 32-bit programs will work with a 64-bit processor and operating system, but some older 32-bit programs may not function properly, or at all, due to limited or no compatibility.
Differences between a 32-bit and 64-bit CPU

A big difference between 32-bit processors and 64-bit processors is the number of calculations per second they can perform, which affects the speed at which they can complete tasks. 64-bit processors can come in dual core, quad core, six core, and eight core versions for home computing. Multiple cores allow for an increased number of calculations per second that can be performed, which can increase the processing power and help make a computer run faster. Software programs that require many calculations to function smoothly can operate faster and more efficiently on the multi-core 64-bit processors, for the most part.
Another big difference between 32-bit processors and 64-bit processors is the maximum amount of memory (RAM) that is supported. 32-bit computers support a maximum of 3-4GB of memory, whereas a 64-bit computer can support memory amounts over 4 GB. This feature is important for software programs used in graphic design, engineering, and video editing as these programs have to perform many calculations to render their images.
One thing to note is that 3D graphic programs and games do not benefit much, if at all, from switching to a 64-bit computer, unless the program is a 64-bit program. A 32-bit processor is adequate for any program written for a 32-bit processor. In the case of computer games, you'll get a lot more performance by upgrading the video card instead of getting a 64-bit processor.
In the end, 64-bit processors are becoming more and more commonplace in home computers. Most manufacturers build computers with 64-bit processors due to cheaper prices and because more users are now using 64-bit operating systems and programs. Computer parts retailers are offering fewer and fewer 32-bit processors and soon may not offer any at all.
Additional information

See our 32-bit and 64-bit definitions for further information and related links.

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